Koel Dasgupta
Commercial Aspects And World Wide Popularity
The term winter games or sports refers to those that take place on snow and ice. There is a keen competition around these games and the Winter Olympics are held every four years.
The winter games have undergone significant changes since their inception. Since when the Television has emerged as a global media for communication, the most popular games whatever it be summer or winter, has promotioned into a high profile status. The income system from this games are also interestingly noticiable.Via the sale of broadcast of advertising, the games are now a source of income for the broadcasting and telecasting media. There is an vice-versa economical relation between games and the media.
But if we concentrate only on winter games,the promotion is not only spared by the media but also by the athletic competitions,like Olympic. Now one more important point is that,the winter games use to claim the superiority of the political systems of any nation. One more noticiable point is that, the first international multi-sport event for winter sports was the Nordic games or Nordic combined held in Sweden
TYPES OF POPULAR WINTER GAMES:
1) Alpine skiing
2) Nordiac skiing
3) Biathlon
4) Bobsleigh
5) Curling
6) Figure skating
7) Freestyle skiing
8) Ice Hockey
9) Luge
10) Short Track speed skating
11) Ski Jumping
12) Snow Boarding
13) Speed Skating
14) Sled Racing
15) Toboggan
16) Cross Country skiing
Difference between Alpine Skiing or Racing and Nordiac Skiing
a) Alpine Racing or skiing is about speed and technique.
But the Nordiac is more about stamina.
b) The two games use different equipments.
c) Alpine skiing’s equipments are wider and heavier.
But the Nordiac’s are comparatively lighter.
d) The boots used in Alpine skies with safety bindings
Nordiac boots are like trainers and the heel lifts free with each stride.
Alpine skiing:
It is a downhill racing.Skiers take the fastest line down a set route,taking off into the air where necessary.In slaloms,skiers weave in and out of pairs of flags or’gates’ both are decided on time.
Record:
Alpine skiing is a popular ski game,which is popular in many of the countries like Austria, Switzerland, USA, Italy, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Japan, Newzealand, Russia, Australia, France and so on.
Alpine ski attains the FIS Alpine world ski championship,and Alpine skiing world cup.The highest gold medel receiver nation in Alpine ski is Austria.The number is 31.
Nordiac skies have no sleep slopes or sharp turns. Range of this game is from 5 to
There are relays, combined events and the Biathlon which includes shooting at targets.
Biathlon:
Biathlon is consist of a race in which perticipents ski around a cross-country track.The total distance is broken up by either two or four shooting rounds.Half in prone position,and the other half standing.
For each shooting round the biathlete must hit five targets.The biathlets carries a small bore rifle which weights at least 3.5 kg .The ski length is 4 centimetres less than the height of the skiers.The competitors may be single or in relay teams.
Record:
Biathlon was appeared in Olympic games on the year 1928 with it’s event-Military patrol.The highest gold receiver in biathlon is the country Germany.The number is 16.
Bobsleigh:
Bobsleigh or Bob sled is a kind of sled car racing competition.Two or four teams make timed runs by sliding down narrow,twisting,banked,iced tracks in a powered sled.
In a four, the two middle men help to guide the bob by shifting their weights on turns. A break man uses the break only for correcting skids or for stoping. Bobsleigh is proportionally a new winter games.
Record:
It’s debut was on a formal competition in 1884 at St.Moritz.The first Bobsleigh club was formed in 1897. It5 was first appeared in Olympic games in the year 1924. But at that time it was named as skeleton sled. Switzerland and Germany have been the most successful Bobsleighing nations measured by overall success in European world, Worldcup and Olympic championships. The highest number of gold medel in Bobsleigh is of Germany, ie, 10, in the Olympic record.
In this game the players propel or push forward themselves across snow covered terrain using skies and poles.It is popular in Northern Europe,Canada and Alaska.Skiing can also be done in indoor ski tunnels.Cross-country skiing is Familier with Nordic skiing.The combination of Crooss-country skiing and ski jumping called Nordic combined.
Record:
Cross-country skiing started it’s journey in fennoscandian countries in pre-historic times.Now-a-days the countries like Norway,Sweden,Finland,Estonia and Latvia also regularly plays Cross-country skiing.As we were saying about Cross-country skiing of Norway,then it is noticeable that Norway is the highest gold medalist of Winter Olympic until the last.The number is 31.This game was introduced in the Winter Olympic in 1924.
In this game the players slide stones across a sheet of ice towards a target area.Two teams each of four players,take turns.Each team has eight stones.
Curling is a game invented in late medieval Scotland in February 1541.The word curling was first appeared in print in 1620 in Perth.It was a poem written by Henry Adamson.Curling is also known as ‘the roaring game’.
The Curling sheet is an flat area of ice, 146 to 150 feet in length and 14.5 to 16.5 feet in width.
The world curling federation has defined that the weight of Curling stone will be of 38 to 44 pounds .Except these the other eqipments are Curling broom or brush and Curling shoes.
Figure skating is mainly a blended performance of spins, jumps, footwork and other intricate and challenging moves on the ice.It may be played by individuals or pairs or groups. Figure skater’s main equipment is their shoes which is called ‘toe pickers’ or ‘toe rakes’. Their wearing is leggings or tight fitting flexible pants, short skirts.
It takes place on an indoor ice rink. There are four events:
1) Men’s singles
2) Women’s singles
3) Mixed pairs
4) Ice dancing
Long-Track speed skating usually takes place outdoors and skatters race against the clock. And the short-track is held indoors with climination heats.
Record:
The International skating union was founded in 1892.But the World war 2 effected on this game.After that again the figure skating started newly with various skaters from United states and Canada.Figure skating is not gymnastic, but most of the skaters show their physical attributes as like a gymnasts.
The parts of freestyle skiing are-
Aerial skiing- Which is the 2-4 meter jumps into a platform of wood or snow covered long area.An aerialists can jump upto 6 meters in air.
Mogul skiing- It is also a skiing event but not in plains rather in a number of different bumps. Except above two, other two are skiballet and ski cross.
Record:
This game was first introduced on 1960s or early 1970s, when it was known as ‘hot dogging’. Bob Burns is the pioneer, in the year 1965.International ski federation(FIS) recognized freestyle as a sport in 1979.
Ice Hockey is a team game played on ice.In it players use sticks to direct a puck into the opposite team’s goal. It is the official National winter sport of Canada
The equipments of Ice Hockey are helmet, shoulder pads, elbow pads, mouth guard, protective gloves, athletic cup, shin pads, skates and neck protector. Ice Hockey is appearing as a winter game in Olympic since 1920.
Ice Hockey is played Six-a-side with substitute allowed at any time. There are three 20 minutes periods. Players serve time penalties for foul play.
Record:
Ice Hockey have evolved from stick and ball gamesplayeed outdoors in Canada
The equipments of Ice Hockey are helmet, shoulder pads, elbow pads, mouth guard, protective gloves, athletic cup, shin pads, skates and neck protector. Ice Hockey is appearing as a winter game in Olympic since 1920.
Luge is a small sled game consisting of one or two person. Lugers can reach speed of 140 km per hour. Tony Benshoof of United states 139.9 km per hour.
Luge originated in St Moritz , Switzerland Germany , Italy Austria , Soviet Union , United States , Latvia
Short track speed skating:
In this competition,multiple skaters skate on an oval ice track of 111.12m.The rink itself is 60m by 30m.It is completely same as an International sized Hockey rink.
This game is a reputed winter Olympic game from the year 1932. In 1967 the International Skating Union adopted it.Some notable skaters are-
1) Ahn Hyun Soo – South korea
2) Marc Gagnon - Canada
3) Apolo Anton Ohno – United states
4) Steven Brad bury – Australia
5) Toshinobu Kawai – Japan etc.
6) Sonj Henie - USA
Record:
As per the 2010 Olympic record the highest gold goes to the nation South Korea
In this event,skiers go down by a ramp,jump and attend to land the farthest down on the hill below. It performed on snow. There are three types of competition consisting of ski jumping. Normal hill competition, Large hill competition,Sky-flying competition.The sky jumping is originated from Morgedal, Norway.
On 26th May, 2006 The International Ski Federation decided to allow women to ski jump at the 2009 Nordic World Ski Championships in Liberec
This game usually played in a snow covered slope. The rider’s feet get attached with a snowboard.Snowboarding was inspired by skateboarding, surfing and skiing. It was developed in U.S.A in 1960. It become an Olympic game in the year 1998.
Modern snowboarding is inspired by fastening two skies together.The toy was made by Sherman Poppen an engineer in Muskegon ,Michigan
Dimitrije Milovich, Jake Burton Carpenter, Tom Sims, Mike Olsonare the pioneers of snowboarding.
Speed skating is a competitive form of Ice-Skating. In which the competitors race each other in traveling a certain distance on skates.
Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, marathon speed skating.
The root of speed skating is on Scandalvania, Northern Europe and Netherlands. There the natives used to attach bones on their shoes and used to travel on frozen river or lakes.
Record:
The first official World Champion in speed-skating is Jaap Eden. It has been continuing as a winter game of Olympic from the year 1924. With the latest update of the year 2010 Olympic games, the highest gold medalist nation is United States. The number is 29.
Sled Racing:
Any snowy slope is a site for Sled Racing, but for major competitions, special steep, twisty runs are made from Ice and snow. The art is to shift the body weight to make the sled go the fastest way down, letting gravity do the work. Riders go one at a time, and the winner is the one with the lowest total time from up to four runs.
Toboggan:
The skeleton Toboggan is so-called because it has no structure above the runners. The rider lies face down, uses toe pieces for breaking and steers by shifting weight. The only major competitions are on the Cresta Run at St. Moritz in Switzerland
WINTER OLYMPIC
The Winter Olympic games are multi-sport event held every four years. The first winter Olympic was held in Chamonix, France in 1924.After 1936 the game was interrepted by World War II. But after 1948 still now it is carring out.These games are totally consisted of the events which we have mentioned above.So Olympic has a great impact in promoting these winter games.
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